Christian Aid issued the following comment this aftenoon and as I work closely with them I endorse it:

Significant international pressure from an increasing number of policy makers is steadily mounting against the secrecy offered by tax havens, says Christian Aid following the G20 in Cannes.

While the Eurocrisis took centre stage at the summit, a series of important developments in the campaign for tax justice that emerged at the same time went largely unremarked.

They clearly indicate, however, that awareness is growing in political echelons of the harmful impact of financial secrecy – a phenomenon that has given rise to what has been called ‘the ugliest chapter in global economic affairs since slavery’.

The developments include

· The G20 listing 11 tax havens that have failed to deliver on tax transparency. French President Nicolas Sarkozy said the worst offenders ‘will be excluded from the international community’.

· Every G20 member agreeing to sign a multilateral convention that will allow exchange of tax information between them – and will consider making information available automatically on a voluntary basis, the gold standard in information exchange between jurisdictions.

· A call from the G20 for multinational companies to be more compliant and transparent in their dealings with poor countries.

· Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh warning that tax evasion and illicit finance flows have become a ‘serious’ problem and urging the G20 to take a lead on automatic information exchange.

· British PM David Cameron calling for principles to govern matters such as tax transparency and anti-corruption in the global economy.

· The G20 agreeing to increase support to developing countries to counter ‘abusive transfer pricing ‘- a major profit-shifting tax dodge.

· A report from Bill Gates for the summit  calling on all G20 countries to impose legally binding transparency requirements on mining and oil companies as exists now in America under the Dodd-Frank Act.  Requiring companies to make public details of agreements they have with governments of the countries where they operate makes it easier to spot irregular payments. Gates also called for a ‘natural resource charter’ to bring more transparency into land, timber and other natural-resource related deals.

Christian Aid senior economic justice adviser Dr David McNair said as the summit ended: ‘Where once we had only rhetoric, we now have the first shoots of political will. That is a welcome new development.

‘But by itself, political will is not enough. Resources and follow up processes must now be made available to consign tax haven secrecy to history.

‘The situation that exists at present has been called the ugliest chapter in global economic affairs since slavery. That is not an exaggeration.

‘We estimate that developing countries lose around $160 billion a year because of tax dodging by multinationals and other companies trading internationally. That lost tax revenue could save lives.

Dr McNair was particularly critical of the G20’s failure to implement advice commissioned from leading international organisations on how developing countries could collect more revenue.

Strongly welcomed by Christian Aid, the joint report from the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, UN, and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development demanded that G20 countries assessed the impact of their tax policies on the developing world. In particular, they were urged to disclose the tax incentives they offer multinationals.

‘The developments around the G20 are encouraging, but more pressure must be exerted to convince tax havens that the financial secrecy they offer in no longer viable. They must be persuaded to become more transparent, ‘said Dr McNair.

Christian Aid is part of the End Tax Haven Secrecy campaign which prior to the start of the summit delivered signatures from more than 40,000 people worldwide calling for tax reform to French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

‘We are delighted that the G20 has listened to the concerns of 40,000 people across the world calling for an End to Tax Haven Secrecy – but we need sustained follow-up action to ensure this becomes a reality. We hope the UK government takes this forward over the next year,’ said Dr McNair.

The campaign calls for changes in the way that companies are required to report their accounts, to ensure that multinational companies publish the taxes they pay and the profits they make in each country where they work. It also wants automatic exchange of tax information between countries globally.

End Tax Haven Secrecy is a global coalition involving 56 organisations in more than 20 countries.

 

The G20 communique is weak.

This is the best bit as far as I’m concerned:

We underline the importance of comprehensive tax information exchange and encourage work in the Global Forum to define the means to improve it.

But since they’re asking the OECD to do this and they are not committed to automatic information exchange which is the only way in which such exchange can be comprehensive I have little hope.

 

The G20 is to sign a convention on tax evasion on Friday.

I have not a clue what is in it, if I am honest. I know it is additional to the attack on tax havens it is also proposing.

It is welcome, nonetheless, although I do not have high hopes for it. As I have said on Twitter this morning:

If the Euro crisis has proved anything it is that tax evasion brings down nations, economies, markets and societies. We need tax justice.

Now, will the G20 really deliver, starting with:

1) automatic information exchange from tax havens and between all states (unless barred on human rights grounds)

2) country-by-country reporting

3) full beneficial ownership of all companies and trusts on public record?

That’s where we need to be going. I have a feeling they’re not there yet, which is why they will fail us, again.

 

The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors met a week or so ago – and as I was distracted I did not notice.

In their final communique they said:

We agreed to maintain momentum for action to tackle non-cooperative jurisdictions and to fully implement the G20 anti-corruption action plan. We asked the Global Forum to report to us on ways to improve the effectiveness of exchange of tax information.

If they’re serious let’s recognise the fact that tax information exchange agreements do not work.

And then just say the bleeding obvious - which is that automatic information exchange is the solution. For the simplest option available to ensure that the smoking gun every tax authority needs to open an investigation is available to them, see here.

In summary: stop prevaricating and please deliver. Now.

 

As the Independent notes:

The French President Nicolas Sarkozy opened his presidency of the G20 group of nations yesterday by calling for a $100bn (£62bn) tax on banks. The so-called "Tobin tax" on transactions has been championed by organisations such as Oxfam and the TUC, but the financial services industry vehemently opposes it.

The finance industry vehemently opposes a lot of things they’re going to have to come to terms with. And I suspect a transaction tax is one of them.

Nov 112010
 

A group of civil society organisations in the U.S. has just published an open letter to U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, outlining a series of steps which, as Arvind Ganesan of Human Rights Watch notes:

“would inject much-needed transparency into the global financial system and help ensure that governments are accountable to their people and that public funds are invested to help them realize their rights."

The letter follows.

The Honorable Timothy Geithner
Secretary of Treasury
U.S. Department of the Treasury
1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20523

Dear Secretary Geithner,

As the United States prepares for the upcoming G20 Summit in Seoul, we urge the U.S. government to lead the discussion on transparency by advocating for strong positions that will create greater accountability in the global financial system in order to promote economic development and alleviate poverty.

The G20 has claimed, “the era of bank secrecy is over.” It is now time for the United States to step forward and make that claim a reality. We ask the United States government to champion the following within the G20 Communiqu?©:

• recognize the links between illicit outflows of capital from developing countries, absorption of those resources by tax havens and financial institutions in international financial centers, and the adverse impact those flows have on poverty alleviation and economic development;

• call on the Financial Action Task Force to amend its recommendations 33, 34, and VIII to provide that the beneficial ownership of all companies, trusts, foundations and charities be a matter of public record; and

• recommend that the International Accounting Standards Board adopt a standard that all multinational corporations report their income and taxes paid on a country‐by‐country basis.

In preparation for the upcoming G20 Summit in Seoul, we want to underscore the interconnected nature of the subject matter of the G20 working groups on corruption and development. Every year developing countries lose approximately $1 trillion in illicit financial flows—the proceeds of crime, corruption and tax evasion. This number is roughly ten times the amount of official development assistance going into the developing world. While we recognize it is necessary to have separate tracks to address these issues at a detailed level, we believe it is equally important that the participants of each working group recognize that their decisions directly affect the ability of the other working group to achieve its goals.

Given this connection, our diverse group of nongovernmental organizations is working to raise awareness of

(1) how illicit financial flows undermine economic development efforts in poor countries and contribute to corruption, crime and poverty;

(2) how the laws and policies of wealthier countries enable this outflow; and

(3) changes that the wealthier countries can make to stem this outflow.

The recommendations above follow through on the Obama administration’s stated support for corporate transparency and align with the South Korean government’s goals for the upcoming G20 Summit of addressing development and corruption. Our call for country‚Äêby‚Äêcountry reporting is the logical extension of the extractive industries transparency provisions of the recently adopted Dodd‚ÄêFrank Financial Reform Act (¬ß 1504), and would ensure a level playing field for all companies worldwide. This is a prime example of the type of initiative that crosses into both the corruption and development working groups, as explained above.

Greater transparency in the global financial system would curtail the harmful loss of hundreds of billions in illicit capital flight currently exiting developing countries and would result in greater resource availability for use in health, education, nutrition, and economic development. Transparency and accountability are the keys to effective economic development and efforts to alleviate poverty around the world.

Sincerely,

The full list of co-recipients and co-signatories is available here.

That will do me too for the G20.

Reposted from TJN with permission.

 

The G20 finance minister’s communiqu?© says:

We expressed the importance we place in achieving a single set of high quality, global accounting standards and urged the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board to redouble their efforts to that end. We encouraged the International Accounting Standards Board to further improve involvement of stakeholders.

This is, of course, totally appropriate. Stakeholders are probably the biggest users of accounts. And they come in a  wide variety of forms – as I have documented in this briefing sheet.

More importantly, this is happening at the time that the IASB has published a response to the biggest ever demand to the IASB that it consider stakeholder needs. This is, of course, the demand that it supply country-by-country reporting for the extractive industries. My full response to that IASB proposal is published here.

The most telling feature of that IASB response is, however, the refusal of the IASB to consider the needs of stakeholders when setting accounting standards. As they say in their report (6.11):

In Chapter 1 the project team proposed that, for the purposes of this discussion paper, financial reporting should be regarded as including information that:
(a) helps users of financial reports to make decisions;
(b) can reasonably be viewed as being within the scope of a complete set of financial statements; and
(c) meets a cost-benefit test.

The IASB, however, notes (6.10):

the Framework indicates that financial reporting is primarily directed to meet the needs of existing and potential equity investors, lenders and other creditors (ie capital providers). Information that is useful to capital providers for making decisions may also be useful to other users of financial reporting. These other users include suppliers, customers and employees (when not acting as capital providers), as well as governments and their agencies and members of the public.

In other words, the IASB explicitly rejects the notion that stakeholders have any interest in financial statements and refuse to recognise their needs because they deny they exist.

In that case what chance is there that the IASB will do as the G20 asks?

Without an explicit response – or without explicit movement on the issue of country-by-country reporting – which is now the biggest campaign for accounting information ever mounted by civil society – there is no chance of thinking that they will meet the G20’s reasonable demand.

That leaves the G20 with one option: the IASB will have to be taken under international control.

Jan 212010
 

Global Financial Integrity (GFI) launched its "G20 Transparency" campaign today, an international grassroots sign-on drive to collect 100,000 signatures on a petition calling for greater transparency in the global financial system.  The petition will be delivered to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper prior to the G20 meeting in Toronto at the end of June.

The campaign kicked off with the debut of www.G20transparency.com, a Web site devoted to the campaign where supporters may read and sign the petition, which will be available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.  The Web site will also allow supporters to share the petition with others via peer-to-peer and social networking tools.

The petition states:

Research shows that each year $1 trillion in illicit money flows out of developing countries – roughly ten times the amount of official aid money that is received.  The World Bank and others have cited these estimates repeatedly.  Illicit money flows are facilitated by an opaque financial system comprised of tax havens and secrecy jurisdictions.  Illicit capital outflows greatly exacerbate poverty and lead to the deaths of millions of people.  Illicit financial flows constitute a human rights problem of huge proportions.

The world’s largest economies – the G20 nations – will meet in Toronto on June 26-27, 2010.  They have an unprecedented opportunity to institute changes that will create a transparent global financial system that is open, accountable, fair and beneficial for all.

GFI director Raymond Baker said:

We intend to send a clear and resounding message that the world wants G20 leadership to recognize that human rights and international financial integrity are intimately linked. 

Where poverty is pervasive, civil, political, and economic rights often go unrealized. Today, large outflows of illicit money – many times larger than all development assistance – greatly aggravate poverty and oppression in many developing countries.

Please do sign the petition.

 

This letter went out today to the Finance Ministers of G20 countries, signed by nine organisations including the Tax Justice Network. For the pdf version, with logos and signatures, click here.

Wednesday, October 28th 2009

Dear Finance Minister,

In the run-up to the G20 Finance Ministers’ meeting in St Andrews, civil society organisations from around the world are writing with regard to the G20 Heads of States’ commitment at the London Summit in April to ‘develop proposals by end 2009 to make it easier for developing countries to secure the benefits of a new cooperative tax environment.’

In November 2008 at the United Nations’ Financing for Development review conference, the world’s governments agreed that “capital flight, where it occurs, is a major hindrance to the mobilization of domestic resources for development.” A commitment was made to “strengthen national and multilateral efforts to address the various factors that contribute to it.”

We civil society organisations believe that tax is the most sustainable and key source of development finance. Yet developing countries lose an estimated US$160bn each year in tax revenue as a result of tax evasion by multinational companies . This money, if invested according to current spending patterns, could save the lives of 350,000 children under the age of 5 each year.

While the G20 has made significant progress in breaking tax haven secrecy, the proposed reforms in their current form are unlikely to meet that commitment to truly benefit developing countries. Criteria used by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in order to build its black, grey and white lists are based on bilateral agreements and on by request information exchange models. These remain largely inadequate for developing countries, which will hardly benefit from bilateral agreements and will face huge obstacles to effective use of the by request model of information exchange. If we are to put an end to the era of banking secrecy, as claimed by G20 leaders in London in April, bolder and more comprehensive measures need to be taken urgently.

The OECD Forum on Tax Administration in September considered a number of proposals specifically aimed at developing countries, but none were comprehensive enough to address this problem fully. We are therefore calling on you to:

1. Support a truly multilateral agreement for automatic exchange of information between jurisdictions, including the disclosure of beneficial ownership of assets and trusts. At the very least, a robust review mechanism must be put in place to evaluate the extent to which developing countries have been able to benefit from progress on information exchange.

2. Support an international accounting standard requiring multinational companies to report profits on a country-by-country basis. The OECD is currently investigating this proposal. We urge all G20 members to take an interest in this investigation and to use the St Andrews’ summit to request a formal report from the OECD to the G20.

Both measures aim effectively to combat tax evasion and, therefore, should be incorporated in regional and bilateral investment agreements with developing countries.

It is our belief that these measures would provide developing countries with the information they need to pursue those who evade and avoid tax and would ensure that the G20′s commitment to developing countries is honoured. We urge you to advocate this position both in the G20 negotiations and in public.

Yours sincerely,

Directors of Organisations

Nuria Molina, Eurodad director
R??mulo Torres, Latindadd director
Bernd Nilles, Cidse secretary general
John Christensen, TJN director
Raymond Baker, GFI director
Daleep Mukarji, Christian Aid director
Jeremy Hobbs, Oxfam International director
Ramesh Singh, ActionAid International Chief Executive
Jean Merckaert, PPFJ coordinator